What are the types of water supply network systems?

According to the number of water sources supplying the pipeline network, the unified water supply pipeline network system can be divided into two forms: single source water supply pipeline network system and multi-source water supply pipeline network system.

(1) Single source water supply network system: refers to a system where there is only one water source, and the treated clean water is pressurized by a pump station before entering the water pipeline and network. All users' water comes from a water plant's clean water tank (clean water reservoir). Smaller water supply network systems, such as those in enterprises, institutions, or small towns, are mostly single source water supply network systems, which are simple and easy to manage.

(2) Multi source water supply network system: A water supply network system with clear water tanks (clear water reservoirs) from multiple water plants as water sources. Clear water enters the network from different locations through pipelines, and users' water can come from different water plants. Larger water supply network systems, such as those in large and medium-sized cities or even across urban areas, are generally multi-source water supply network systems. The characteristics of a multi-source water supply network system are: flexible scheduling, safe and reliable water supply (water sources can complement each other), nearby water supply, and low power consumption; The water pressure in the pipeline network is relatively uniform, which facilitates staged development, but with the increase of water sources, the complexity of management also increases accordingly.

The subsystem water supply network system, like the unified water supply network system, can also use single or multiple water sources for water supply. According to specific circumstances, the sub system water supply network system can be further divided into: partitioned water supply network system, pressure divided water supply network system, and quality divided water supply network system.

(1) Partition water supply network system

There are two methods for dividing the pipeline network: one is to divide the urban area into areas with flat terrain, obvious functional zoning, or natural separation, as shown in Figure 1-7. The urban area is separated by rivers, and industrial and residential water on both sides are supplied separately, forming a self owned water supply system. With the development of the urban area, the pipeline network can be further connected to become a multi-source water supply system. Another type is zoning due to large terrain elevation differences or long water transmission distances, which can be divided into two categories: series zoning and parallel zoning. Series zoning is used, with pumping stations set up to pressurize (or depressurize) water from one area and supply water to another area; Parallel partitioning is adopted, with different pump stations (or different pumps in the pump stations) supplying water to areas with different pressure requirements. Large pipeline systems may have both series and parallel partitions to save energy.

(2) Partial pressure water supply network system: Divided into two or more systems for water supply due to different user requirements for water pressure. Water that meets the user's water quality requirements is delivered to different users through high-pressure and low-pressure water supply pipelines by pumps with different lift heads in the same pump station.

(3) Quality based water supply network system: It is divided into two or more systems according to different water quality requirements of users, and is supplied to various users separately, which is called a quality based water supply network system.

According to the actual situation of the water source and the terrain of the water supply area, different water delivery methods can be used to supply water to users.

(1) Gravity water pipeline network system

(2) Pump pressurized water supply pipeline network system